Canadian Medical Hall of Fame

2007 INDUCTEE Elizabeth Bagshaw, MD The Early Days - Health Care Pioneers, Public Health, Health Promotion & Advocacy, Women in Medicine, Female Reproduction

Born:

October 19, 1881

(Cannington, Ontario)

Died:

January 5, 1982

Education:

MD, Women’s Medical College University of Toronto (1905)

Awards & Honours:

1986: Appointed to Hamilton Gallery of Distinction

1979: Governor General Persons Award

See All Awards
Picture of Elizabeth Bagshaw

Pioneered family planning in Canada

Portrait of Dr. Elizabeth Bagshaw

A tireless champion of women’s health

Pursuing a career in medicine at a time when women were not accepted in the field, Dr. Bagshaw entered Toronto Women’s Medical College in 1901 just 18 years after it opened. After a short period of practice in Toronto, Dr. Bagshaw went to Hamilton to substitute for a female doctor who was on vacation. Liking the city so much, she moved there and began her 70-year career as a family physician with a primary focus on obstetrics. In the 1930s, despite intense criticism from the medical and religious communities, Dr. Bagshaw became actively involved in Canada’s first and illegal birth control clinic. She served as the clinic’s medical director for over 30 years pioneering areas of family medicine that, while universal now, were not widely practiced.

Key Facts

In her early years, she delivered more babies than any of her Hamilton Colleagues

Was one of the first female physicians in Hamilton

Travelled by horse carriage, bicycle and car to provide medical care to a large downtown population, serving many low-income families

Worked for ten years without pay in a dermatology clinic at the hospital while she maintained her family medicine practice

Founded the Canadian Federation of Medical Women

Professional timeline

Impact on lives today

As a tireless champion for the place of women in medicine and the rights of women to control their own reproductive destinies, Dr. Baghaw’s impact can be seen in the lives of many women today. Not afraid to challenge the status quo, Dr. Bagshaw’s entry into medical practice helped to normalize the presence of women in medicine; as of 2018, 56% of first year medical students in Canada were female. Moreover, in opening Canada’s first birth control clinic, Dr. Bagshaw provided a space where many women, for the first time, learned more about their own bodies and felt safe to express their reproductive choices. This pioneering work helped to change attitudes in Canada and, eventually, law. Today, there is more access to birth control than ever before, including the Elizabeth Bagshaw Reproductive and Abortion Care Clinic in Vancouver.

Picture of Elizabeth Bagshaw

2007

  • Elizabeth Bagshaw posthumously inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame

    London, Ontario

  • At the age of 95 and still with a practice of 50 patients, Dr. Bagshaw decided it was time to retire

    She was the oldest practicing physician in Canada.

  • The Birth Control Clinic became legal

    Public Health, Health Promotion & Advocacy

    After 77 years, the section of Canada’s criminal code that made it illegal to advertise or sell birth control was removed. In time, Dr. Bagshaw’s clinic began receiving government grants.

  • Elizabeth Bagshaw founded Canada’s first birth control clinic

    Public Health, Health Promotion & Advocacy, Women in Medicine, Female Reproduction

    This pioneering work remained largely underground for decades as it was illegal at the time to dispense information on the subject or to give birth control devices.

  • Elizabeth Bagshaw became Director of the Planned Parenthood Society

    The Early Days - Health Care Pioneers, Women in Medicine

    Faced with significant criticism from medical and religious communities as well as the loss of some patients, Dr. Bagshaw nevertheless persisted. She remained in this position for the next 30 years.

  • After graduation from medical school, began her work in family medicine

    The following year, she moved to Hamilton where she practiced medicine for the next 70 years.

  • Came to register at the University of Toronto

    When asked what she was doing in the line with all men, she replied she was there to study medicine. The reaction of the men in line was laughter.

1901

She affected profound change at a time of enormous adversity.

Additional Resources:

You might also be interested in these Laureates

Picture of Armand Frappier

Armand Frappier, MD

The Early Days - Health Care Pioneers

Champion disease fighter

Born in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Quebec, the direction of Dr. Frappier’s life and work was forever changed when his mother died of…

Learn more
Picture of Sir William Osler

Sir William Osler, MD

The Early Days - Health Care Pioneers

Beloved educator and brilliant pathologist

One of the most influential early leaders in medicine, Sir William Osler was a mentor to thousands of…

Learn more