1994 INDUCTEE Maude Abbott, MD The Early Days - Health Care Pioneers, Women in Medicine, Heart & Vessels, Health & Humanities

Born:

March 18, 1868

(Saint Andrews East, Québec)

Died:

September 2, 1940

Education:

MD, Bishop’s University (1894)

Awards & Honours:

1993: Person of National Historical Significance, Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada

1910: Honorary MDCM, McGill University

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A trailblazer for women in medicine and advanced the world’s understanding of congenital heart disease

Physician, pathologist and museum curator

An unwavering trailblazer with a devotion to science, Dr. Maude Abbott paved the path for future generations of women in medicine, bravely overcoming adversity. Determined to have a career in medicine at a time when the profession was only beginning to soften its views on women becoming doctors, Dr. Abbott became an international authority on cardiac disease and steadily broke down barriers many women faced when entering medicine. In addition, she established an international reputation for the McGill Medical Museum as a first-rate teaching tool for medical students and a resource base for practitioners.

Key Facts

One of the first women to obtain a bachelor’s degree in arts at McGill University

Was the only woman in her class at medical school

Became a founder of the Federation of Medical Women of Canada

Contributed a chapter to William Osler’s System of Medicine

Was the only woman to be included in Diego Rivera’s famous 1940s mural that commemorated innovators in cardiology

Professional timeline

Impact on lives today

Since her death in 1940, Dr. Abbott has been revered as a pioneer in cardiology. Her Atlas of Congenital Heart Disease significantly improved the understanding of the heart’s anatomy and laid the foundation for modern heart surgery. Today, she continues to inspire others to pursue their dreams in medicine no matter what obstacles are placed in their way.

1994

May 27, 1991
Maude Abbott posthumously inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame

London, Ontario
1936
Dr. Maude Abbott published her ATLAS OF CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISEASE in which she outlined a new classification system for congenital heart diseases
Heart & Vessels, Women in Medicine
She became a world authority on the subject, demonstrating to the world that women could contribute to the advancement of science and medicine.
1923
Abbott spent two years teaching at Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania.
Health and Medical Education & Training
She then returned to Montreal and became an assistant professor at McGill.
1914 - 1918
During WWI, Maude Abbott worked tirelessly to prepare and catalogue teaching specimens for the Canadian Medical War Museum (CMWM)
Women in Medicine, Health & Humanities
The collection (estimated to range up to ~900 specimens) showcased various types of war injuries and infectious diseases that were common amongst the soldiers at the time. While the specimens were displayed at some medical meetings, a permanent location could not be found for the collection. Maude Abbott maintained the CMWM collection at McGill up until her death; unfortunately, the specimens were lost bureaucratically afterwards.
1914
Along with another colleague, Maude Abbott took on Acting Editorship of the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) during WW1, until 1919
Women in Medicine
Sadly, she was never properly credited for her role as Dr. Andrew MacPhail, the Founding Editor, did not resign when enlisting and going abroad for active service.
1910
McGill University awarded Abbott an honorary degree in medicine.

The honour came eight years before the university would formally allow women to be accepted into their medical school.
1906
Along with James Carroll and James McCallum, Dr. Maude Abbott founded the International Association of Medicine Museums in Washington, DC
Health & Humanities
Today it is known as the International Academy of Pathology.
1901
Dr. Abbott began teaching medical students at the museum using the collection’s specimens.
Health and Medical Education & Training
Within a few years, visits to the medical museum became part of the medical curriculum.
1898
Dr. Abbott was appointed Assistant Curator of McGill University’s Medical Museum.

She took on the task of preparing and cataloguing the entire medical specimen collection in the Museum, with some specimens dating as far back as sixty-five years. She was later appointed Curator of the Museum.
1897
Following post-graduate training in Europe, Abbott was hired by McGill University in the Pathology Department.
Heart & Vessels
Here, she became a prolific writer, publishing numerous works on the history of medicine and nursing, as well as cardiology. In particular, her research focused on congenital heart disease.
1889
Rejected from the Faculty of Medicine at McGill due to her gender, Maude Abbott enrolled at Bishop’s University and earned her degree in medicine in 1894.
Women in Medicine
Upon graduating she was awarded the Senior Prize in anatomy and the Chancellor’s Prize for the best examination.