Recognizing and treating disease dates back many millennia. The input of the scientific method – with experiments both in the laboratory and at the bedside – allowed diagnosis and management of various afflictions to gradually improve.

Female reproduction includes the internal and external organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. 

This includes the diagnosis of disorders and diseases of the entire urinary tract and the male genital tract.

Our digestive system breaks our food into parts small enough for our body to absorb and be used for energy, growth and cell repair. Just as it handles our daily intake of fluids and solids, it has an important function in eliminating solid waste from our body. The digestive system comprises the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, appendix, liver, pancreas and gallbladder.

The immune system fights infection (microbes) through special organs, cells and chemicals.  The immunology of infectious disease studies how the immune system responds to infectious agents and how infectious agents interact with, modify or elude the immune system. More recent developments have shown that immunology may play an important role in the treatment of some cancers. Allergies occur when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance — such as pollen, bee venom or pet dander — or a food that doesn't cause a reaction in most people.

Diabetes is a disease marked by persistently high levels of blood sugar caused by inadequate or ineffective insulin, a hormone produced by the Beta cells of the pancreas.

Cancer is a group of diseases that involves abnormal growth of cells in potentially every part of our bodies. Some cancers are serious while others can easily be cured.  Survival rates of many types of cancers continue to improve, thanks to early detection, and timely, high quality management.

Hormones are produced by glands and special cells and are sent into the bloodstream to various tissues in our bodies as part of the endocrine system. Hormones influence almost every cell, organ and function in our bodies.

Musculoskeletal and skin systems represent the framework of our bodies and fundamental to good health.  Bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage support our anatomy, and allow us to control every movement we make.

The lungs are the centre of the respiratory (breathing) system. All our cells need oxygen, and our bodies need to eliminate the unwanted gas they produce - carbon dioxide. Our lungs exchange these gases every time we breath in and out.